Weber, Dmitriy I. The Cult of the Virgin Mary in Livonia: On the Question of Genesis.

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa177-3-36
Title The Cult of the Virgin Mary in Livonia: On the Question of Genesis.
Author email d.veber@spbu.ru
About author Weber, Dmitriy Ivanovich — Ph. D., assistant professor. Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaia nab., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
In the section Western European Mediaeval Art DOI10.18688/aa177-3-36
Year 2017 Volume 7 Pages 367–373
Type of article RAR Index UDK 72.033.5 Index BBK 85.1
Abstract

The article describes the main factors of the origin of the Virgin Mary’s cult in medieval Livonia.This choice of Livonia is due to the fact that in the Middle Ages these lands were the so-called “Terra Mariana”.The formation of the Virgin Mary’s cult was under the influence of both the Church and the Teutonic Order. It fits into the overall historical context of the region associated with the process of Christianization and Crusades’idea. The cult of Mary started to grow in the 12th century. Economic contacts of merchants were also an important factor at this time. One part of this process can be explained by the activities of the Cistercian Order. Over the next century this process intensified. In many ways, its initiator was the Bishop of Riga, Albert, who gave a speech at the Fourth Lateran Council, in 1215. After this speech he received support from Pope Innocent III. With the arrival of the Teutonic Order to Livonia, the Virgin Mary’s cult received some additional support. The article also outlines the impact of the local traditions of various lands of the Empire, the places of origin for clerics and the brotherhood of the Teutonic Order, which could spread through the trade of the Hanseatic League.
Keywords
Reference Weber, Dmitriy I. The Cult of the Virgin Mary in Livonia: On the Question of Genesis.. Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles. Vol. 7. Ed. S. V. Mal’tseva, E. Iu. Staniukovich-Denisova, A. V. Zakharova. — St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Univ. Press, 2017, pp. 367–373. ISSN 2312-2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa177-3-36
Publication Article language russian
Bibliography
  • Arbusow L.; Bauer A. (rec.). Henrici chronicon Livoniae. Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum. Hannoverae, Impensis biibliopolii Hahniani Publ., 1955. 255 p. (in Latin).
  • Arnold Liubekskii. Slavianskaia hronika (Slavic Chronicle). Adam Bremenskii, Gelmold, Arnold Liubekskii. Slavianskie hroniki (Slavic Chronicles by Adam Bremenskii, Gelmold, Arnold Liubekskii). Moscow, Russkaia panorama Publ., 2011, pp. 305–489 (in Russian).
  • Arnold U. Maria als Patronin des Deutschen Ordens im Mittelalter. Terra Sanctae Mariae. Mittelalterliche Bildwerke der Marienverehrung im Deutschenordensland Preussen. Bonn, Kulturstiftung der deutschen Vertriebenen Publ., 2009, pp. 29–56 (in German).
  • Baniulytė A. The Cult of the Virgin Mary and Its Images in Lithuania from the Middle Ages until the Seventeenth Century. Acta Academiae Artium, 2002, no. 25, pp. 157–193.
  • Barber R. The Knight and Chivalry. Suffolk, Boydell Press Publ., 2000. 472 p.
  • Bruiningk H. v. Messe und kanonisches Stundengebet nach dem Brauche der Rigaschen Kirche im späteren Mittelalter. Riga, N. Kymmel’s Buchhandlung Publ., 1904. 656 p. (in German).
  • Bunge F. G. v. von (ed.). Liv-, Esth- und Curländishes Urkundenbuch nebst Regesten, vol. 1. Reval, Kluge und Ströhm Publ., 1853. 634 p. (in German).
  • Bunge F. G. v. von (ed.). Liv-, Esth- und Curländishes Urkundenbuch nebst Regesten, vol. 3. Reval, Kluge und Ströhm Publ., 1857. 641 p. (in German).
  • Caesarius of Heisterbach, Homiliae Nr. 234. Die Wundergeschichten des Caesarius von Heisterbach, vol. 1. Bonn, Peter Hanstein Verlagsbuchhandlung Publ., 1933. 159 р. (in Latin).
  • Dygo M. The Political Role of the Virgin Mary in Teutonic Prussia in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Journal of Medieval History, 1989, no. 15, pp. 63–80.
  • Edgren H. Marienikonographie im Ostseeraum. Die Stadt im europäischen Nordosten. Helsinki; Lübeck, Schmidt-Römhild Publ., pp. 353–369 (in German).
  • Genrikh Latyshskii. Henrich Latvian’s Livonian Chronicle. Sbornik materialov i statei po istorii Pribaltiiskogo kraia (Materials and Articles for Baltic Region History), vol. 1. Riga, Tipografiia A. I. Lipinskogo Publ., 1877, pp. 73–285 (in Russian).
  • Jähnig B. Festkalender und Heiligenverehrung beim Deutschen Orden in Preussen. Die Spiritualitat der Ritterorden im Mittelalter. Ordines militares. Colloquia Torunensia historica, 1993, pp. 177–188 (in German).
  • Jensen K. V. Sacralization of the Landscape: Converting Trees and Measuring Land in the Danish Crusades against the Wends. Clash of Cultures on the Medieval Baltic Frontier. A. V. Murrey (ed.). Farnham, Ashgate Publ., 2009. pp. 141–150.
  • Kaljundi L. The Baltic Crusades and the Culture of Memory: Studies on Historical Representation, Rituals and Recollection of the Past (unpublished Ph. D. thesis). Helsinki, University of Helsinki Publ., 2016. 456 р.
  • Kurisoo M. Sancta Anna ora pro nobis. Images and Veneration of St. Anne in Medieval Livonia. Acta Historiae Artium Balticae, 2007, no. 2, pp. 18–34.
  • Lebigue J.-B. Initiation aux manuscrits liturgiques. Ecole thématique. Ateliers du Cycle thématique de l’IRHT de l’année 2003–2004. Available at: http://aedilis.irht.cnrs.fr/liturgie/ (accessed 29 January 2017) (in French).
  • Mänd A. Saints’ Cults in Medieval Livonia. The Clash of Cultures on the Medieval Baltic Frontier. A. V. Murrey (ed.). Farnham, Ashgate Publ., 2009, pp. 191–223.
  • Mänd A. Tallinna Mustpeade vannaskonna Maarja altarist ja selle ikonografiast. Eesti kunstisidemed 15.–17. sajandil. Tallinn, Eesti Kunstimuuseum Publ., 2000, pp. 219–239 (in Estonian).
  • Mänd A. The Altarpiece of the Virgin Mary of the Confraternity of the Black Heads in Tallinn: Dating, Donors, and the Double Intercession. Acta Historiae Artium Balticae, 2007, no. 2, pp. 35–53.
  • Mastnak T. Crusading Peace. Christendom, the Muslim World, and Western Political Order. London, University of California Press, 2002. 406 p.
  • Pertz G. H. (ed.). Arnoldi Chronica Slavorum ex recensione I. M. Lappenbergii. Hannover, Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani Publ., 1868. 295 p. (in Latin).
  • Radler G. Der Beitrag des Deutschordenslandes zur Entwicklung der Schreinmadonna (1390–1420). Sztuki w kręgu zakonu krzyżackiego w Prusach i Inflantach l Die Kunst um den Deutschen Orden in Preussen und Livland. Toruń, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika Publ., 1995, pp. 241–274 (in German).
  • Selart A. Livland und die Rus’ im 13. Jahrhundert. Köln; Weimar; Wien, Böhlau Publ., 2007. 373 p. (in German).
  • Strayer J. R. (ed.). Dictionary of the Middle Ages, vol. 3. New York, Charles Scribner’s Sons Publ., 1983. 695 p.
  • Strenga G. Remembering the Dead: Collective Memoria in Late Medieval Livonia (unpublished Ph. D. thesis). London, Queen Mary, University of London Publ., 2016. 274 p.
  • Tamm M. Communicating Crusade. Livonian Mission and the Cistercian Network. Ajalooline Ajakiri, 2009, no. 3/4, pp. 341–372.
  • Tamm M. How to Justify a Crusade? The Conquest of Livonia and New Crusade Rhetoric in the Early Thirteenth Century. Journal of Medieval History, 2013, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 431–455.
  • Tyerman Ch. Expansion and the Crusades. A Companion to the Medieval World. C. Lansing; E. D. English (ed.). Malden, Wiley-Blackwell Publ., 2009. pp. 455–474.
  • Tyerman Ch. Henry of Livonia and the Ideology of Crusading. Crusading and Chronicle Writing on the Medieval Baltic Frontier. A Companion to the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia. M. Tamm; L. Kaljundi; C. S. Jersten (eds.). London; New York, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group Publ., 2011, pp. 23–45.