Zavorina, Maria L. The Architecture of the Archbishopric of Ohrid in the 13th–14th Centuries

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa2414-10-56
Title The Architecture of the Archbishopric of Ohrid in the 13th–14th Centuries
Author email marika_1096@mail.ru
About author Zavorina, Maria L. — researcher. Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Town Planning — branch of the Central Research and Project Institute of the Construction Ministry of Russia, Dushinskaya ul., 9, 111111 Moscow, Russian Federation; Ph.D. student. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation; SPIN-code: 8372-5464; ORCID: 0000-0003-1652-1006; Scopus ID: 57220960571
In the section Balkan Studies DOI10.18688/aa2414-10-56
Year 0 Volume 14 Pages 692–710
Type of article RAR Index UDK 72.033, 7.033.2…7 Index BBK 85.113(4)
Abstract

The article attempts to present a comprehensive picture of the development of architecture in the lands under the jurisdiction of the Ohrid Archbishopric in the 13th–14th centuries. At that time, during the constant military clashes during the rivalry of the Byzantine and Slavic medieval states for supremacy in the Balkans, the borders of the diocese were constantly changing, geographically the Archbishopric turned out to be part of different states, but retained autocephaly. The article reveals and characterizes the architectural originality of the monuments of the Ohrid Archbishopric in the context of historical, church-political and historical-architectural processes of the 13th–14th centuries, identifies its origins and traces the features of development, defines the role and place of this group of monuments in the broad context of late Byzantine architecture.

This work is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 20-18-00294-P) and done at the Research Institute of Theory and History of Architecture and Town Planning —  branch of the Central Research and Project Institute of the Construction Ministry of Russia.
Keywords
Reference Zavorina, Maria L. The Architecture of the Archbishopric of Ohrid in the 13th–14th Centuries. Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles. Vol. 14. Eds A. V. Zakharova, S. V. Maltseva, E. Iu. Staniukovich-Denisova. — Lomonosov Moscow State University / St. Petersburg: NP-Print, 2024, pp. 692–710. ISSN 2312-2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa2414-10-56
Publication Article language russian
Bibliography
  • Angelov B. Stari slavjanske tekstove (Old Slavic Texts), Izvestija na Instituta za bolgarska istorija (News from the Institute for Bulgarian History), 1958, vol. 6, pp. 259–269 (in Bulgarian)
  • Angelichin-Zhura G. Cave Churches in the Area of Ohrid and Prespa (Republic of Macedonia, Republic of Albania, Republic of Greece). Nish and Byzantium, 2006, vol. 4, pp. 385–402 (in Macedonian)
  • Angelichin-Zhura G. Hristijanski hramovi i sveti mesta vo Ohridsko (Christian Churches and Holy Places in Ohrid). Ohrid, Macedonia Prima Publ., 2007. 100 p. (in Macedonian)
  • Androudis P.; Peridikopoulou M. The Late Byzantine Church of the Dormition of the Virgin in Zeygostasi, Kastoria. Panov M. B. (ed.) Macedonia and the Balkans in the Byzantine Commonwealth. Proceedings of the International Symposium “Days of Justinian I”, Skopje, 18–19 October, 2013. Skopje, 2014, pp. 166–176.
  • Atanasovski A. Ohrid Archbishopric in the 14th century. Annual Proceeding of the Faculty of Philosophy, 2003, vol.56, pp. 31-46. (in Macedonian).
  • Babić B. Church of St. Athanasios in Varoš – Middle Age Heritage. Arheološki pregled, 1965, vol. 7, pp. 172–173 (in Serbian).
  • Blagoјevich M. Drzhavna Uprava u Srpskim Sredn’ovekovnim zeml’amaju (State Administration in the Serbian Medieval Lands). Beograd, Sluzhebni list CPJ Publ., 2001. 344 p. (in Serbian).
  • Bogdanović J. Regional Developments in Late Byzantine Architecture and the Question of ‘Building Schools’: An Overlooked Case of the Fourteenth-Century Churches from the Region of Skopje. Byzantinoslavica, 2011, vol. 69/1–2, pp. 219–266.
  • Boškoviḱ Đ. Architecture of Serbia and Macedonia. Vseobshaya istoria arhitectury (Universal History of Architecture), vol. 3. Leningrad, Moscow, Literature on Construction Publ., 1966, pp. 16–161 (in Russian).
  • Buchwald H. Lascarid Architecture. Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik, 1979, vol. 28, pp. 261–296.
  • Buchwald H. The Concept of Style in Byzantine Architecture. Jahrbuch der Österreichischen Byzantinistik, 1986, vol. 36, pp. 303–316.
  • Chirkovich S. Serbija. Srednie veka (Serbia. Middle Ages.). Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1996. 272 p. (in Russian).
  • Čurčić Sl. The Role of Late Byzantine Thessalonike in Church Architecture in the Balkans. Dumbarton Oak Papers, 2003, vol. 57, pp. 65–84.
  • Čurčić Sl. Architecture in the Balkans from Diocletian to Süleyman the Magnificent (ca. 300 – ca. 1550). London; New Haven, Yale University Press Publ., 2010. 913 p.
  • Čurčić S. The Epirote Input in the Architecture of Byzantine Macedonia and of Serbia Around 1300. Collection of Articles in Honor of Academician Panayotis L. Vocotopoulos. Athens, 2015, pp. 127–140.
  • Delēkarē A. Ē Archiepiskopē Achridōn kata ton Mesaiōna. O rolos tēs ōs enōtikou paragonta stēn politkē kai ekklēsiastikē istoria tōn slabōn tōn Balkaniōn kai tou Byzantiou (The Arch- bishopric of Ohrid in the Middle Ages. Its Unifying Role in Political and Ecclesiastical History of the Balcan Slavs and Byzantium). Thessalonikē, University Studio Press Publ., 2014. 323 p. (in Greek).
  • Deroko A. Monumentalna i dekorativna arhitektura e sredn’evekovnoј Srbiјi (Monumental and Decorative Architecture in Medieval Serbia). Beograd, Turistichka shtampa Publ, 1985. 297 p. (in Serbian).
  • Eugenidoy D.; Kanonidēs I.; Papazotos Th. Ta Mnēmeia tōn Prespōn (The Monuments of Prespa). Athēna, Ypourgeio Politismou Tameio Archaiologikōn Porōn kai Apallotriōseōn Publ., 1991. 92 p. (in Greek).
  • Ferјanchich B. Autocephaly of the Serbian Church and the Ohrid Archbishopric. Sava Neman’ich – sveti Sava: Istoriјa i predan’e. Belgrade, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Publ., 1979, pp. 65–72 (in Serbian).
  • Grozdanov C. Ohrid and the Ohrid Archbishopric in the 14th Century. Istoriјa (History), 1980, vol. 16 (1), pp. 157–187 (in Macedonian).
  • Grozdanov C. Ohridsko zidno slikarstvo XIV veka (Ohrid Wall Painting of the 14th Century), Beograd, Filozofski fakultet, Institut za istoriјu umetnosti Publ., 1980. 227 p. (in Macedonian).
  • Gusev N. S. The Macedonian Question in the Coverage of Serbian and Bulgarian Propaganda in Russia in the late 19th– early 20th Centuries. Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of Articles, vol. 10. Moscow; St. Petersburg, NP-Print Publ., 2020, pp. 740–754. DOI: 10.18688/aa200-7-70 (in Russian).
  • Hadjitryphonos E. Saint Catherine’s Church in Thessaloniki, Its Place in Late Byzantine Architecture. Iros Ktistis. Mnimi Charalamboy Boura (Hero Mason. Memory of Charalambos Boyras), vol. 1. Athens, Melissa Publ., 2018, pp. 265–282.
  • Hallensleben H. Die architekturgeschichtliche Stellung der Kirche Sv. Bogorodica Peribleptos (Sv. Kliment). Musée Archéologique de Macédoine. Recueil des Travaux, vol. 6–7, 1967–1974, pp. 297–316 (in German).
  • Korać V. Spomenici monumentalne Srpske arhitekture XIV veka u Povardarju (Monuments of Monumental Serbian Architecture of the 14th Century in Povardarje). Belgrade, Poligraph Publ., 2003. 341 p. (in Serbian).
  • Korunovski S. Crkovnata arhitektura vo Makedonia vo XIII vek (Church Architecture in 13th Century Macedonia), Ph.D Thesis. Skopje, 2000. 313 p. (in Macedonian).
  • Krautheimer R. Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture. 4th ed. (revised by R. Krauthheimer and S. Ćurčić). New Haven, London, 1986.
  • Maltseva S. V. Churches of Moravian Serbia and the Main Directions of the Palaeologan Architecture. Maltseva S. V.; Staniukovich-Denisova E. Iu.; Zakharova A. V. (eds). Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles, vol. 7. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg University Press Publ., 2017, pp. 301–320. DOI 10.18688/aa177-2-30 (in Russian).
  • Maltseva S. V. A Historiographic Review: The Bulgarian Scholars on the Churches of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom. Zakharova A. V.; Maltseva S. V.; Staniukovich-Denisova E. Iu. (eds). Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles, vol. 9. St. Petersburg, NP-Print Publ., 2019, pp. 796–806. DOI 10.18688/aa199-7-71 (in Russian).
  • Maltseva S. V. Monastic Architecture of the Circle of Saints Naum and Clement of Ohrid in the Context of the Church Architecture of the First Bulgarian Kingdom and the Architectural Traditions of the Byzantine Provinces of the 9th–11th Centuries. Zakharova A. V.; Maltseva S. V.; Staniukovich-Denisova E. Iu. (eds). Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles, vol. 10. St. Petersburg, NP-Print Publ., 2020, pp. 809–828. DOI 10.18688/aa200-7-75 (in Russian).
  • Maltseva S. V.; Freze A. A. Basilicas of the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries in Macedonia. Vizantiiskii vremennik, 2021, vol. 105, pp. 179–203 (in Russian).
  • Maltseva S. V.; Freze A. A. Architecture of the Northern Macedonia after Reinstallation of the Byzantine Rule. Zakharova A. V.; Maltseva S. V.; Staniukovich-Denisova E. Iu. (eds). Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles, vol. 11. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Press, 2021, pp. 422–436. DOI 10.18688/aa2111-04-33 (in Russian).
  • Maltseva S. V.; Zavorina M. L. Late Byzantine Architectural Ceramics of Epirus and Macedonia. Proceedings of the International Conference SmartArt – Art and Science Applied. Faculty of Applied Arts, Belgrade, 2021, pp. 38–58 (in Russian).
  • Maltseva S. V. The Builders of Milutin and Dušan as Agents of Imperial Ideology in Macedonia. Zakharova A. V., Maltseva S. V., Staniukovich-Denisova E. Iu. (eds.). Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles, vol. 12. St. Petersburg, NP-Print Publ., 2022, pp. 856–881. DOI 10.18688/aa2212-10-68 (in Russian).
  • Maltseva S. V. Architecture of the Northern Outskirts of the Ohrid Archdiocese in the 11th Century. Zakharova A. V.; Maltseva S. V.; Staniukovich-Denisova E. Iu. (eds). Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles, vol. 13. St. Petersburg, NP-Print Publ., 2023, pp. 782–805. DOI 10.18688/aa2313-10-62 (in Russian).
  • Maltseva S. V.; Nikolovski D. Architecture of the Church of St. Demetrius in Veles: in the Light of New Discoveries. Zakharova A. V., Maltseva S. V., Staniukovich-Denisova E. Iu. (eds). Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles, vol. 14. St. Petersburg, NP-Print Publ., 2024, pp. . DOI 10.18688/aa2414-10-55 (in Russian).
  • Mil’kovich-Pepek P. The Church of St. John Theologian Kaneo in Ohrid. Kulturno nasledstvo, 1967, vol. 3, pp. 67–124 (in Macedonian).
  • Nemykina E. A. Imperial Ideology Expressed in the Church Architecture of the Tsar Dusan the Mighty and His Nobles in Macedonia. Zakharova A. V.; Maltseva S. V.; Staniukovich-Denisova E. Iu. (eds). Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles, vol. 11. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg University Press Publ., 2021, pp. 492–500. DOI 10.18688/aa2111-04-38 (in Russian).
  • Nicol D. M. Two Churches in Western Macedonia. Byzantinische Zeitschrift, 1956, vol. 49, pp. 96–105.
  • Novakovich S. Zakonski spomenici Srpskih drzhava sredn’ega veka (Legal Monuments of the Serbian States of the Middle Ages). Beograd, Srpska kral’evska akademiјa Publ., 1912. 912 p. (in Serbian).
  • Paϊsidoy M. Ē Panagia Eleoysa tēs Megalēs Prespas. Meletē mnēmeiakēs topografίas, architektonikēs kai zōgrafikēs tōn archōn toy 15oy aiōna sthn periochή tōn Prespōn (The Virgin Mary of Great Prespa. A Study of Monumental Topography, Architecture and Painting of the Early 15th Century in the Prespa Region). Thessalonikē, Etaireia Makedonikōn Spoydōn Publ., 2019. 40 p. (in Greek).
  • Papazotos Th. H Beroia kai oi naoi tēs (11os — 18os ai.) (Veroia and Its Churches (11th – 18th Centuries)). Athēna, Ypoyrgeio Politismoy Publ., 1994. 468 p. (in Greek).
  • Sedov Vl. V. Kilise Camii. Stolichnaia arhitektura Vizantii (Kilise Camii. Mitropolitan Architecture of Byzantium). Moscow, Indrik Publ., 2008. 336 p. (in Russian).
  • Skiadaresēs G. Ē Palaia Mētropolē tēs Beroias sto plaisio tēs Byzantinēs architektonikēs (The Old Methropoly (The Old Metropolis of Veria in the Context of Byzantine Architecture), Doctoral thesis. Thessalonikē, 2016. 307 p. (in Greek).
  • Snegarov I. History of the Ohrid Archbishopric. Vol. 1. From its Foundation to the Conquest of the Balkans Peninsula but the Turks. Sofia, 1995. 347 p. (in Bulgarian).
  • Stikas E. Une église des Paléologues aux environs de Castoria. Byzantinische Zeitschrift, 1958, vol. 51, pp. 100–112 (in French).
  • Subotić G. Sveti Konstantin i Jelena u Ohridu (The Church of St. Constantine and Jelena in Ohrid). Belgrade, Institute of Art History Publ., 1971. 144 p. (in Serbian).
  • Velenis G. Thirteenth-Century Architecture in the Despotate of Epirus: The Origins of the School. Studenica et l’art byzantine au tour de l’annee 1200. Beograd, 1988, pp. 279–284.
  • Vocotopoulos P. Church Architecture in the Despotate of Epirus: The Problem of Influences. Zograf, 1998–99, no. 27, pp. 72–92.
  • Voronova A. A. Features of “Byzantinization” in Serbian Architecture in the Time of King Milutin (1282–1321). St. Tikhon’s University Review, Series 5: Problems of History and Theory of Christian Art, 2017, iss. 28, pp. 26–48 (in Russian).
  • Zakharova A. On the 10th–11th century Churches in Kastoria and Related Buildings: the Problems of Attribution and Dating. Niš and Byzantium, 2023, vol. 21, pp. 159–176.
  • Zakharova A. V.; Dyatlova E. S. On the Builders and Painters Active in Prilep, North Macedonia, in the Late 13th Century. Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana, 2020, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 46–72. DOI 10.21638/spbu19.2020.204 (in Russian).
  • Zakharova A. V.; Maltseva S. V. Artistic Production and Church Ideology in the Art of Macedonia at the Time of the Foundation of the Archbishopric of Ohrid. Vizantiiskii vremennik, 2023, vol. 106, pp. 174–199 (in Russian).
  • Zavorina M. L. Façade Decoration of Palaiologan Churches in Thessaloniki: Specificity and Evolution of the Local Approach. Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana, 2020, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 73–88. DOI 10.21638/spbu19.2020.205 (in Russian).
  • Zavorina M. L. The Tradition of Epirus in the Late Byzantine Architecture of North Macedonia. Zakharova A. V.; Maltseva S. V.; Staniukovich-Denisova E. Iu. (eds.). Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles, vol. 11. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg University Press Publ., 2021, pp. 468–479. DOI 10.18688/aa2111-04-36 (in Russian).
  • Zavorina M. L.; Maltseva S. V. Façade Decoration of the Tradition of Epirus: Unity of Principles and Variety of Options. Kazaryan A. (ed.). Voprosy vseobshei istorii arhitektury (Questions of the History of World Architecture), vol. 17 (2), 2021, pp. 99–113 (in Russian).
  • Zavorina M. L. Palaeologan Architecture on the Byzantine Periphery: The Case of Ohrid. Niš and Byzantium, 2022, vol. 20, pp. 305–322.
  • Zavorina M. L. The Church of Holy Mother of God Zahumska near Ohrid: Retrospective Trends in the Late Byzantine Architecture. Zakharova A. V.; Maltseva S. V.; Staniukovich-Denisova E. Iu. (eds.). Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles, vol. 12. St. Peterburg, St. Petersburg University Press Publ., 2022, pp. 824–841. DOI 10.18688/aa2212-10-66 (in Russian).
  • Zavorina M. L. Arcitectural Features of the Church of St. George in Kastoria. Vizantiiskii vremennik, 2023, vol. 107, pp. 260–277 (in Russian).
  • Zavorina M. L. On the Question of Stylistic Developments and Regional Schools in Late Byzantine Architecture: the Case of Ohrid. Kazaryan A. (ed.). Voprosy vseobshei istorii arhitektury (Questions of the History of World Architecture), 2023, vol. 20, pp. 60–75. DOI 10.22227/2500-0616.2023.20.60-75 (in Russian).
  • Zavorina M. L. Regional Developments of General Stylistic Trends in the Palaeologan Architecture of Aegean Macedonia. Zakharova A. V.; Maltseva S. V.; Staniukovich-Denisova E. Iu. (eds). Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles, vol. 13. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg University Press Publ., 2023, pp. 270–290. DOI 10.18688/aa2313-2-21 (in Russian).
  • Zavorina M.; Maltseva S. Late Byzantine Architectural Ceramics of Epirus and Macedonia. Art and Science Applied: Experience and Vision. Thematic Proceedeings. Selection of papers prom the Second International Conference of the Faculty of Applied Arts in Belgrade SMARTART 2021. Belgrade, University of Belgrade Publ., 2022, pp. 38–58.
  • Zloković M. Old Churches in the Areas of Prespa and Ohrid. Starinar, 1925, pp. 115–149 (in Serbian).