Veronika Barysheva, Larisa Zhelondievskaya
Moscow State Stroganov Academy of Industrial and Applied Arts, Russia
The 20th century changed the system of art expressive means and techniques, which had been formed in the bowels of realistic and ethnic art for centuries. New approaches to shape, color and design were expressed in the concepts of suprematism, constructivism, rationalism. The avant-garde determined the vector of development of visual culture of the next century. The digital revolution has become a new milestone in the project technologies. United communicative space of the 21st century and functionalism of the international style have led to the loss of cultural national identity.
The environmental problem is multifaceted. The concept of project ecology, as defined by its authors, is human ecology in living environment from the perspective of culture and historical affinity to a certain place. The term “cultural ecology” was coined by Dmitry Likhachev and expounded as a scientific and educational concept of the preservation of national culture.
Human environment in urban space is naturally moulded by a number of factors. Design idea implies integration of natural, historical and cultural heritage into a correlation system and creation of new design objects on their basis. According to O. I. Genisaretskij, while forming the space of life, it is necessary to include in it new and new pronounced social and cultural layers, so as to turn the soil from conditions of existence into a symbol for the spiritual life.
The perception of numerous areas in Russia today is an echo of distant associations formed over decades and sometimes even centuries ago. In terms of the national culture it is an outdated legacy hardly or not at all perceived by the young generation. Thoughtless copying and endless quoting of museums’ classical samples without searching for new meanings and forms of design leads to the absence of self-identity and interest, and as a result abscence of love and affection of a person to a particular place in his yard, in his street and in general to the lack of pride in belonging to a certain cultural community. Consequently, it is necessary to move to a new level of understanding and styling, in which fundamental qualities are upgraded to the new degree of generalization within the scope of the modern language and the latest technologies of communication.