Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa188-9-74
Title Историография сербской моравской архитектуры и спорные вопросы её изучения
Author email s.maltseva@spbu.ru
About author Мальцева Светлана Владиславовна — кандидат искусствоведения, старший преподаватель. Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Университетская наб., д. 7/9, Санкт-Петербург, Российская Федерация, 199034; старший научный сотрудник. Филиал ФГБУ «ЦНИИП Минстроя России» НИИТИАГ РААСН, ул. Душинская, д. 9, Москва, Российская Федерация, 111024. s.maltseva@spbu.ru
In the section Публикация и исследования источников DOI10.18688/aa188-9-74
Year 2018 Volume 8 Pages 742756
Type of article RAR Index UDK 7.033.12; 7.033.2…7 Index BBK 85.113
Abstract

В данной статье мы постарались выявить основные проблемы изучения архитектуры Моравской Сербии на материале историографии.В данной статье мы постарались выявить основные проблемы изучения архитектуры Моравской Сербии на материале историографии.

Уже первые исследователи XIX в. помещают эту архитектурную традицию между Востоком и Западом и обозначают ряд ключевых вопросов, актуальных до сих пор.В начале XX в. Г. Милле предложил периодизацию сербского средневекового зодчества в виде последовательного ряда хронологически и территориально обособленных «школ». Последняя из них — «моравская школа» — была выделена на основании типологической и стилистической однородности, а также территориальной обособленности небольшой группы памятников. Их главная типологическая особенность — план в виде триконха, существующий в двух основных вариантах: однонефного храма и четырехстолпного крестовокупольного с отдельно стоящими опорами.

Сформулированные Милле положения о специфике и хронологии «моравской школы» в целом до сих пор сохраняются в качестве базовых для истории сербского зодчества. Однако дальнейшее раскрытие и изучение памятников во второй половине XX в. поколебало стройность первоначальной концепции, чем дальше, тем больше возникало вопросов о хронологии памятников, их соотношении с византийской и предшествующей сербской традициями, а также о степени и характере западных влияний. Даже проблемы происхождения такой яркой типологической особенности, как план в виде триконха, до сих пор оказываются дискуссионными.

На данный момент стало ясно, что в качестве определения последнего периода развития сербского зодчества термин «моравская школа» едва ли применим, поскольку среди памятников этой эпохи нет четкого стилевого единства, а об условиях их возведения и мастерах практически ничего не известно.

На первый план, на наш взгляд, сегодня выходят темы содержания, специфики, а также механизмов сложения и развития сербской моравской архитектуры как целостного регионального явления.Исследование выполнено за счет средств Государственной программы РФ «Развитие науки и технологий» на 2017-2018 годы в рамках Плана фундаментальных научных исследований Минстроя России и РААСН, тема 1.2.32./1.2.46.

Keywords
Reference Мальцева С. В. Историография сербской моравской архитектуры и спорные вопросы её изучения // Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles. Vol. 8. Ed. S. V. Mal’tseva, E. Iu. Staniukovich-Denisova, A. V. Zakharova. — St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Univ. Press, 2018, pp. 742–756. ISSN 2312-2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa188-9-74
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