Bulkin, Valentin A.; Antipov, Ilya V. On the Peculiarities of Construction Process Organization in Novgorod of the Pre-Mongol Period

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa177-4-40
Title On the Peculiarities of Construction Process Organization in Novgorod of the Pre-Mongol Period
Author email i.antipov@spbu.ru
About author Bulkin, Valentin Aleksandrovich — Ph. D., associate professor. Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaia nab., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation. Antipov, Ilya Vladimirovich — Ph. D., associate professor. Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaia nab., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
In the section Mediaeval Russian Art DOI10.18688/aa177-4-40
Year 2017 Volume 7 Pages 410–418
Type of article RAR Index UDK 72.009 Index BBK 85.113(2)4
Abstract

The reconstruction of the church building process is one of the most important and complicated questions in the study of the history of early Russian architecture.The continuity in the church construction process is common for the architecture of Novgorod and its lands in the 12th century. It is possible that there was only one group of builders at that time. Probably the staff of this group was flexible; the builders were independent and could be hired by anyone. Some churches were built simultaneously at the end of the 12th — beginning of the 13th century, thus we can discuss the problems of the construction process organization and the production of building materials in Novgorod at that time. Either two churches could be erected by different groups of builders or there was high level of construction process and material production organization. Probably we can combine these ideas. The process of the construction of churches lasted only for a few months; it also shows that the process itself was well-organized. The same elements of the décor, rare for Novgorod, were found in the churches built by different donators. The types and sizes of bricks, the types of lime mortar and brickwork in different monuments were the same. The production of building materials, made by craftsmen for builders, was highly developed in Novgorod at that time. An architect and a chief-master were responsible only for the building process itself. So the building group was a small flexible team of masons and carpenters which was able to transfer quickly from one construction site to another. It seems that the whole process of building was organized by a pristavnik (contractor).
Keywords
Reference Bulkin, Valentin A.; Antipov, Ilya V. On the Peculiarities of Construction Process Organization in Novgorod of the Pre-Mongol Period. Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles. Vol. 7. Ed. S. V. Mal’tseva, E. Iu. Staniukovich-Denisova, A. V. Zakharova. — St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Univ. Press, 2017, pp. 410–418. ISSN 2312-2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.18688/aa177-4-40
Publication Article language russian
Bibliography
  • Antipov I.; Gervais A. The Bricks from St. Nicholas Church at Lipno near Novgorod (1292) and the Origins of the New Novgorodian Building Tradition. Estonian Journal of Archaeology, 2015, vol. 1 (19), pp. 58–79.
  • Bulkin V. A. The Development of Novgorodian Architecture at the Late 12th — Early 13th Century. Genezis i razvitie feodalizma v Rossii. Problemy ideologii i kul’tury (The Genesis and Development of the Feudalism in Russia. The Problems of Ideology and Culture). Leningrad, Petersburg State University Publ., 1987, pp. 217–223 (in Russian).
  • Bulkin V. A. “The Contractor for Church Builders” and the Organizing of the Building of Stone Churches in Pre-Mongol Period in Russia. Problemy arkheologii (The Problems of Archaeology), 1998, vol. 4, pp. 232–238 (in Russian).
  • Bulkin V. A. O drevnerusskoi arkhitekture. Izbrannye trudy (About the Architecture of Ancient Rus’. Selected Works). Saint Petersburg, Kalamos Publ., 2012. 200 p. (in Russian).
  • Bulkin V. A.; Shtender G. M. Transfiguration Cathedral — the Oldest Stone Building of the Khutyn Monastery near Novgorod. Pamiatniki kul’tury. Novye otkrytiia. Ezhegodnik (The Monuments of Culture. New Discoveries. Annual Edition), 1994, vol. 1993, pp. 510–515 (in Russian).
  • Gervais A. V.; Lipatov A. A. Lime Kiln of the 12th Century near Annunciation Church at Gorodishche. Arkhitekturno-arkheologicheskii seminar. Iz istorii stroitel’noi keramiki srednevekovoi Vostochnoi Evropy (The Seminar for the Archaeology of Architecture. On the History of the Building Ceramics of Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages). Saint Petersburg, The State Hermitage Publ., 2003, pp. 50–59 (in Russian).
  • Gladenko T. V.; Krasnorech’ev L. E.; Shtender G. M.; Shuliak L. M. Architecture of Novgorod in the Light of Recent Investigations. Novgorod. K 1100-letiiu goroda (Novgorod. On the 1100th Anniversary of the City). Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1964, pp. 193–263 (in Russian).
  • Demicheva N. N. The Research of the Monuments of Novgorodian Architecture of the 12th—Early 13th Century Based on the Data of the Evolution of Brick Sizes. Sovetskaia arkheologiia (Soviet Archaeology), 1984, vol. 1, pp. 220–228 (in Russian).
  • Lalazarov S. V. The Architecture of St. George Church. Tserkov’ sv. Georgiia v Staroi Ladoge. Istoriia, arkhitektura, freski. Monograficheskoe issledovanie pamiatnika XII v. (The St. George Church in Staraia Ladoga. The History, Architecture, Frescoes. The Monographic Study of the Monument of the 12th Century). Moscow, Progress- Traditsiia Publ., 2002, pp. 69–124 (in Russian).
  • Lalazarov S. V. The Plinths of St. George Church in Staraia Ladoga. Arkhitekturno-arkheologicheskii seminar. Iz istorii stroitel’noi keramiki srednevekovoi Vostochnoi Evropy (The Seminar for the Archaeology of Architecture. On the History of the Building Ceramics of Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages). Saint Petersburg, The State Hermitage Publ., 2003, pp. 76–85 (in Russian).
  • Novgorodskaia Chetvertaia letopis’. Polnoe sobranie russkih letopisei (The Fourth (Archive) Novgorodian Chronicle. The Complete Edition of Russian Chronicles), vol. 4, part 1. Moscow, Iazyki russkoi kul’tury Publ., 2000. 728 p. (in Russian).
  • Novgorodskaia Pervaia letopis’ Starshego i Mladshego izvodov (The First Novgorodian Chronicle). Moscow, Leningrad, Academy of Sciences USSR Publ., 1950. 642 p. (in Russian).
  • Novgorodskaia Vtoraia (Arkhivskaia) letopis’. Polnoe sobranie russkih letopisei (The Second (Archive) Novgorodian chronicle. The Complete Edition of Russian Chronicles), vol. 30. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1965. 240 p. (in Russian).
  • Novoselov N. V. Ot Blagoveshcheniia do Blagoveshcheniia. Stroitel’noe proizvodstvo Novgorodskoi zemli v period slozheniia mestnoi arkhitekturnoi shkoly (From Annunciation to Annunciation. The Constructive Technology of Novgorodian Land in the Time of the Forming of Local Architectural School). Saint Petersburg, Petersburg State University Publ., 2002. 196 p. (in Russian).
  • Novoselov N. V. The Ceramic Floor Tiles of the Pre-Mongol Time in Novgorod. Novgorod i Novgorodskaia zemlia. Iskusstvo i restavratsiia (Novgorod and Novgorodian Land. The Art and Restoration), 2011, vol. 4, pp. 92–98 (in Russian).
  • Rappoport P. A. Drevnerusskaia arkhitektura (Old Russian Architecture). Saint Petersburg, Stroiizdat Leningradskoe otdelenie Publ., 1993. 288 p. (in Russian).
  • Rappoport P. A. Stroitel’noe proizvodstvo Drevnei Rusi (X–XIII vv.) (Building the Churches of Kievan Russia 10th–13th). Saint Petersburg, Nauka Publ., 1994. 160 p. (in Russian).
  • Saksa L. A. The Church of Sts Peter and Paul on Silnische and Novgorodian Architecture of the End of 12th Century. The Preliminary Report. Arkhitekturnoe nasledstvo (Architectural Heritage), 2012, vol. 56, pp. 38–59 (in Russian).
  • Sedov V. V. On the Early History of St. Panteleimon Monastery in Novgorod. Drevniaia Rus’ (Old Rus’), 2011, vol. 4, pp. 13–31 (in Russian).
  • Vasil’ev B. G. Monumental’naia zhivopis’ Staroi Ladogi XII veka (The 12th Century Monumental Paintings of Staraia Ladoga). Saint Petersburg, Slaviia Publ., 2014. 560 p. (in Russian).